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Ichnocarpus frutescens
''Ichnocarpus frutescens'' is a species of flowering plant in the dogbane family known by the English common name black creeper. It is native to much of China, India, Southeast Asia, and northern Australia.〔〔 In Uttarakhand it is known as ''kali-dudhi'',〔Adhikari, B. S., et al. (2010). (Medicinal Plants Diversity and their Conservation Status in Wildlife Institute of India (WII) Campus, Dehradun. ) ''Ethnobotanical Leaflets'' 14 46-83.〕 and as ''botilai''〔Dash, D. K., et al. (2007). (Evaluation of hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of ''Ichnocarpus frutescens'' (Linn.) R.Br. on paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. ) ''Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research'' 6:3 755-65.〕 and ''shyamlata'' in Orissa,〔Ashutosh, M, et al. (2009). (Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect of ''Ichnocarpus frutescens'' plant parts. ) ''Int J Ph Sci'' 1:2 280-83.〕 ''dudhilata'' in Madhya Pradesh,〔Barik, R., et al. (2008). (Antidiabetic activity of aqueous root extract of ''Ichnocarpus frutescens'' in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type II diabetes in rats. ) ''Indian Journal of Pharmacology'' 40:1 19.〕 ''palvalli'' in Tamil Nadu,〔Kalidass, C., et al. (2009). (Pharmacognostic studies on ''Ichnocarpus frutescens'' (L.) R.Br. ) ''Journal of Herbal Medicine & Toxicology'' 3:2 23-29.〕 and ''siamlata'' in Uttar Pradesh.〔Pandurangan, A., et al. (2009). (Evaluation of antipyretic potential of ''Ichnocarpus frutescens'' roots. ) ''Iranian Journal of Pharmacology & Therapeutics'' 8:1 47-50.〕
It is a woody shrub with lianas sprawling to 10 meters in maximum length and 6 centimeters in diameter. The bark produces a creamy white sap. The leaves are up to 11 centimeters long by 4.5 wide. The inflorescence is a head of several flowers. Each flower has a calyx of densely hairy sepals and a five lobed corolla just under a centimeter long. The fruit is a follicle which may be over 14 centimeters long. The roots may be reddish or purple. The plant is sold in markets in some areas in India.〔
== Uses ==
The plant has a large number of traditional medicinal uses, including treatment for rheumatism, asthma, cholera, and fever.〔 Some ''in vitro'' and rodent studies have suggested that extracts of the plant inhibit tumors, protect liver cells from damage in acetaminophen overdose,〔 and reduces complications of hyperlipidemia in diabetic rats. There have been no published studies testing any of these effects in humans.
The fibrous bark is used to make rope.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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